Circuits

CIRCUIT ASSIGNMENT === Area of Interaction: Environments === === Significant Concepts: Basic circuits === === Unit Question: How have circuits impacted our environments? ===

INVESTIGATE: Define the following using this site:  Webster's Dictionary Voltage:  Electromotive force or potential difference expressed in volts.

 Current: The time rate of flow of electric charge, in the direction that a positive moving charge would take and having magnitude equal to the quantity of charge per unit time: measured in amperes.

 Resistance: A property of a conductor by virtue of which the passage of current is opposed,causing electric energy to be transformed into heat:equal to the voltage across the conductor divided by thecurrent flowing in the conductor: usually measured in ohms.

 Circuit: Also called electric circuit. T he complete path of an electric current, including the generating apparatus,intervening resistors, or capacitors.

 Transistors: // Electronics //. A semiconductor device that amplifies,oscillates, or switches the flow of current between twoterminals by varying the current or voltage between one ofthe terminals <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> and a third: although much smaller in size than a vacuum tube, <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> it performs similar functions without requiring current to heat a cathode.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> LEDs: Light-emitting diode: a semiconductor diode that emits light when conducting current and is used in electronic equipment, especiallyfor displaying readings on digital watches, calculators, etc.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> Capacitor: A device for accumulating and holding a charge of electricity, consisting of two equally charged conducting surfaces havingopposite signs and separated by a dielectric.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> Resistor: A device designed to introduce resistance into an electric circuit.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> Switch: A device for turning on or off or directing anelectric current or for making or breaking a circuit.

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">Digital Electronics: <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> The implementation of two-valued logic using electronic logic gates such as  and gates, or gates and flip-flops. In such circuits the logical values true and false are represented by two different voltages, e.g. 0V for false and +5V for true. Similarly, numbers are normally represented in binary using two different voltages to re presented zero and one. Digital electronics contrasts with analogue electronics whichrepresents continuously varying quantities like sound pressure using continuously varying voltages. Digital electronics is the foundation of modern computers and digital communications. Massively complex digital logic circuitswith millions of gates can now be built onto a single integrated circuit such as a microprocessor and these circuits can performmillions of operations per second.

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">*Integrated Circuit: <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> A circuit of transistors, resistors, and capacitors constructed on asingle semiconductor wafer or chip, in which the components are interconnected to perform a given function.

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">*Binary Code: <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> A system of representing letters, numbers, or other characters, using binary notation.

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">*Circuit Breaker: <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">A switch that automatically interrupts the current of an overloaded electric circuit.

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">*Conductor: <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">A material or object that permits an electric current to flow easily

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">Go to the following site and run the circuit construction kit. The site is: [|Circuit Link]

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">Using this site, answer the following questions:

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">1. Using one battery, make the light bulb work. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">a. Volts: 9V <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">b. Amps: 0.90 Amps

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">2. Light two light bulbs with one battery. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">a. Volts: 4.5V <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">b. Amps: 0.45 Amps

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">3. Using a switch to light one light bulb. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">a. Volts: 9V <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">b. Amps: 0.90 Amps

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">4. Use a capacitor with your circuit. (One battery, one bulb) <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">a. Volts: It decreased to 0 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">b. Amps: It decreased to 0

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">5. Use an inductor in your circuit. (One battery, one bulb) <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">a. Volts: It increased up to 9V <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">b. Amps: It increased up to 9 Amps

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">6. Use an AC Voltage in your circuit. What happens to the current? <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">a. Volts: It went up by a lot but decreased to the negative value, and kept repeated what it did <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">b. Amps: Same thing happened with the value of Amps as Volts

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">7. Which items in the grab bag complete the circuit? <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">(One battery, one bulb) <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">a. Dollar Bill - Failed <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">b. Paper clip - Success <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">c. Penny - Success <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">d. Eraser - Failed <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">e. Pencil lead - Failed <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">f. Hand - Failed <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">g. Dog - Failed

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">8. Use a resistor in your circuit. (One battery, one bulb) <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">a. Volts: 4.5V <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">b. Amps: 0.45 Amps

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">9. Add two batteries to light one light bulb. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">a. Volts: 18V <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">b. Amps: 1.80 Amps

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">10. Add three batteries to the circuit. Right click on one of the batteries <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">and change the voltage to 100%. What happens to your batteries? <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">a. Volts: Went up to 117.99 V <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">b. Amps: 11.80 Amps <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">The battery went in to fire.

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">11. Make your own <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">a. Volts: In between 13~24. It quickly went up to its maximum point, but also quickly went down to its minimum point. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">b. Amps: The range of Amps was 1.30~2.40. It showed the movement as same as the volts did. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">c. Explain what happened with your circuit: <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">The light was constantly on, but the brightness was changing. It got bright, then less brighter, and kept repeated it. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">d. Describe/draw your circuit below:

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">CREATE <span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">Now start your circuit project. Get the materials and instruction from Ms. Bradfield.

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">EVALUATE

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">Answer the Following Questions After You Complete Your Circuit: <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">1. Did you like making the circuit? <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">2. What did you like the least about making the circuit? <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">3. What did you likethe best about making the circuit? <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">4. Using complete sentences, explain how circuits can be applied in the real world. (List three)

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">5. Were you careful with the circuit, solder, and soldering iron? <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">6. Were you respectful and nice to other students? <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">7. Did you take a picture of both your circuits and add them to this wiki page?

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">ATTITUDE <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">1. Did you have a good attitude answering the questions? Explain: <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">2. Did you have a good attitude making the circuits? Explain: <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">3. Were you a whiny baby during the circuit unit? Explain: <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20.8px;">